Surfaces procedures
In the terrestrial areas of Hungary, thousands of unexploded devices are detected annually, demanding a high level of professional expertise from those involved.
Surface unexploded ordnances clearance involves the detection of embedded unexploded devices in the ground, including bombs, ammunition, rockets, grenades, mines, etc., their unequivocal identification, and their transportation to authorized facilities for disposal and/or on-site neutralization.
The clearance task can be primarily carried out using two detection methods.
The targeted detection of unexploded devices is carried out using the so-called "controlled excavation by soil layer" method. Identification of objects causing non-linear ferromagnetic distortion with "transition points" detected during high-sensitivity magnetometer examination is followed by controlled removal of soil layer by layer up to the localization point on the covering geosurface.
In the "surface" procedure, excavation and removal tasks are carried out simultaneously with instrumental examination. In the "Diagnostic" procedure, the entire (or partial areas) undergo instrumental examination first, followed by evaluation of detected metal objects in the soil and the creation of a so-called diagnostic map. Based on the map and the precise positions of localized objects, excavation and removal tasks are performed subsequently.
Both procedures are technically validated and internationally recognized, but when using the diagnostic procedure, a fundamental safety rule is that objects localized in the soil during instrumental examination must be identified by an Explosive Ordnance Disposal expert through visual inspection under natural lighting conditions.
Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Inspection
The explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) (instrumental) examination can be conducted using any equipment that complies with the detection main rules as described in the technical annex of the 1984 Decree ratifying the UN’s Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, adopted at Geneva on October 15, 1980, and has the appropriate conformity certificate from the equipment manufacturer for the proper operation of the equipment.
According to the safety regulations of the applied clearance technology, in order to ensure the safe handling of explosive devices that may be present on the work site, and to create a safe working environment on-site supervision by a qualified explosive ordnance disposal expert is required in areas where explosive ordnance disposal and clearance work cannot be fully or partially conducted due to the magnetic interference of the soil and/or the presence of existing solid surfaces (typically in urban properties, around existing roads and bridges, in areas contaminated with illegal inert waste, at the sites of demolished buildings/structures, etc.). a meglévő utak és hidak környezetében, az illegális inert hulladékkal szennyezett területeken, az elbontott épületek/építmények helyén, stb…) a földmunkák során helyszíni tűzszerész szakfelügyelet biztosítása szükséges.
The main principles of detectability:
a) As for anti-personnel mines manufactured after January 1, 1997, their design must include a material or structure that allows for their detection with commonly used mine detection technical equipment and provides a response equivalent to the signal given by 8 or more grams of concentrated iron.
b) As for anti-personnel mines manufactured before January 1, 1997, such mines must have in their own design or attached to them in a manner that is difficult to separate before installation, a material or structure that allows for their detection with commonly used mine detection technical equipment and provides a response equivalent to the signal given by 8 or more grams of concentrated iron.